CRISPR tools in MacVector 18

By Chris | Published: January 6, 2021

If you are using CRISPR editing techniques then there are two useful functions in MacVector for you:

  • MacVector will scan Nucleic Acid sequences for Protospacer Adjacent Motifs (PAM) associated with the CRISPR Cas9 and related enzymes cleavage and modification functions.

  • MacVector’s Analyze | Align To Reference… tool is ideal for screening reads for the short insertions, deletions or substitutions resulting from CRISPR experiments. See our blog for more information.

Finding CRISPR Cas9 PAM sites.

  • Open your sequence.
  • Choose** Analyze | CRISPR PAM sites…**
  • click on the OK.

You can also use Scan DNA FOR.. tool to automatically show sites on all sequences.

CloningClipboard
CloningClipboard
  • Choose MACVECTOR | PREFERENCES | SCAN DNA
  • Choose the CRISPR PAM tab
  • Toggle Show CRISPR PAM sites on

Screening sequences for CRISPR introduced INDELS

  • Open your reference sequence.
  • Choose** Analyze | Align To Reference…**
  • click on the Add Seqs toolbar button to add reads from different clones/experiments.
Scan DNA For..CRISPR sites
Scan DNA For..CRISPR sites
  • click on Align
  • Choose CRISPR INDEL DETECTION
  • Click OK to align the reads against the reference.
  • When the job has finished click VIEW to see the results.
Analyzing CRISPR INDELS
Analyzing CRISPR INDELS
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Using the RE Picker to display restriction enzyme sites in your insert that do not cut your vector.

By Chris | Published: November 20, 2020

It’s generally useful with restriction enzyme based cloning to know what restriction enzymes will cut your vector and not cut your insert, or vice versa.

There are a few ways to accomplish this with MacVector, but a useful way is to prepare a file of enzymes that do not cut your vector. This is especially useful if you want to repeat this for multiple inserts with the same vector.

You can quickly do this with the RE Picker. The RE Picker shows an interactive list of restriction enzymes. Only those that are shown in the table and checked are displayed in the Map tab. However, you can change the criteria to only show enzymes that do NOT cut.

  • Open up your vector and switch to the MAP tab.
  • Click on the RE Picker button again to show the RE Picker window.
  • Click SELECT ALL to select all enzymes
  • Slide both the left and right sliders off the CUTS control all the way to the left.

The Cuts label should now indicate “0”. The enzymes now visible in the RE Picker are all those in the default restriction enzyme file that do NOT cut the target molecule.

  • Click SAVE CURRENT SET OF ENZYMES and choose a relevant name e.g. [VectorName-NoCutters).renz.
  • Open up your insert sequence.
  • Click RE Picker
  • Click SET ENZYME FILE and choose your NonCutters file.
  • Make sure the CUTS control is set appropriately.
  • Click SELECT ALL to ensure all enzymes are selected and will be displayed.

Only enzymes that cut your insert will now be displayed.

REPicker NoCutters

If you are designing a screen for clones after a ligation, then check out our Agarose Gel tool video

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MacVector, Apple Silicon and macOS Big Sur compatibility

By Chris | Published: November 12, 2020

Over twenty years ago Apple called an end to the Classic Mac with the release of OS X, followed five years later by the transition from PowerPC to Intel. A major step forward in the Macintosh world.

Earlier this year Apple announced the next stage in the Apple world, Apple Silicon Macs and macOS Big Sur. Signalling the end of OS X and heralding the start of macOS Big Sur.

This week sees the Apple Silicon macs on sale and macOS Big Sur is being released today (Thursday 12th Nov 2020).

We are proud to announce that our upcoming release MacVector 18 will run natively on both Intel and Apple Silicon Macs running macOS Big Sur.

Here at MacVector we are proud that MacVector is a true Macintosh application. MacVector is a Mac native application and has always been designed for the Mac platform, rather than a cross platform application with the inevitable interface compromises. Right from the beginning MacVector was designed to take full advantage of the Mac’s easy to use interface to bring powerful sequence analysis tools right to your desktop. The MacVector development team always follow Apple’s Human Interface Guidelines so we know that anybody familiar with a Mac will quickly feel at home using MacVector. The Mac has always been easy to use, and any molecular biologist can start using MacVector and start designing primers, aligning sequences or making constructs straightaway.

BigSur MacVector1 0 OS9 1990

MacVector 18 on an Apple Silicon Mac running macOS Big Sur

MacVector 1.0 running on a Classic Mac running Mac OS 9

The Apple Silicon Macs will be more powerful but consume less power than the Intel Macs. Apple Silicon and macOS Big Sur are great steps forward for the Mac and we are pleased to be part of it.

MacVector and macOS Big Sur

As ever full information on the compatibility with macOS Big Sur will not be fully known until after its release on 12th November, 2020. However, our developers have been developing and testing on development releases of macOS Big Sur for many months now. Please check back to this post for current information.

Current information is always available on the compatibility table.

MacVector 17.5 (the current release): We will be waiting until after the release of macOS Big Sur later today (12th Nov 2020) before officially supporting macOS Big Sur with the release of MacVector 17.5.6 Tests show that MacVector 17.5.5 seems to run properly. However, from experience we invariably find some minor bugs after the official release. Expect MacVector 17.5.6 later next week.

MacVector 18.0: our upcoming release will of course be fully supported on OS X El Capitan to macOS Big Sur. As well as macOS Big Sur support there’s a lot of new features to like in this release.

MacVector 18.1: Our last release of 2020 will be a universal binary and will run natively on both Intel and Apple Silicon macs.

Older versions:

MacVector 17.0: initial testing indicate that MacVector 17.0 runs OK. However, it will not be officially supported.

MacVector 16.0 and earlier versions: Our initial tests show that MacVector 16.0 and earlier will not run at all. These versions relied on an Apple library, that has been removed from macOS Big Sur. There is no possible workaround so if your license is only valid for MacVector 16 then either upgrade MacVector, or do not upgrade to macOS Big Sur.

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Virtual Gene Cloning from NGS RNA-Seq Data

By Chris | Published: August 3, 2020

The NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database is a huge resource of Next Generation Sequencing experimental data. Many groups and laboratories deposit data here that they have generated for their own specific projects that can be datamined for other unrelated projects with a minimum of effort.

MacVector contains a number of powerful tools that can be used to extract and analyze specific sequences from large quantities of NGS data. We recently used these tools to clone the sequence of 19 distinct C2H2 Zinc Finger proteins from NGS RNA-Seq data prepared from root tissue of the Aloe vera plant.

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The basic steps to do this were;

  • Use Align to Folder to find and extract all pairs of reads that could potentially encode the conserved QALGGH domain from C2H2 Zn Finger proteins
  • Assemble the reads using phrap, velvet and/or SPAdes to generate multiple contigs
  • Analyze contigs to identify and translate protein-coding ORFs
  • Extend contigs when required using additional rounds of Align to Folder, contig assembly and Align to Reference
  • Annotate proteins using the built-in InterProScan function
  • Align proteins using ClustalW and visualize the shared QALGGH domains

The full tutorial is available as a PDF and the required data files are also available to download direct from the SRA.

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Working From Home: An overview of primer design workflows in MacVector.

By Chris | Published: April 16, 2020

Working from home?. We want to help familiarize you with the wide range of functionality in MacVector that you may never have used before. Here’s an overview of workflows for designing, testing, documenting and storing primers. You may not have a PCR machine on the kitchen table, but why not take the time to store all your lab’s regularly used primers in MacVector’s Primer Database.

Amplifying a gene

You can design a set of primers to amplify a gene in as little as three mouse clicks.

  1. Open your sequence.
  2. Open the MAP view, and click on a feature.
  3. Go to ANALYZE | PRIMER DESIGN/TEST(PAIRS).
  4. Click OK.

Design a single targeted primer with a tail.

QuickTest Primer tool gives great flexibility for designing primers with tails or mismatches.

  1. Select a 20 bp region around the location you want your primer to be.
  2. Click ANALYZE > QUICKTEST PRIMER.
  3. Slide the primer along your template until the oligo is optimal.
  4. Add a restriction site or mutation in the optional tail.
  5. Hover over a green (or red) putative restriction site to view the change to your sequence.
  6. Double click on that putative site to add to your primer. Watch how the coding is changed.
  7. Click Add to Database.. to save your primer.
MacVector

Test a pair of primers.

You can map a pair of primers against your template to see how well they would amplify your target.

  1. Open your template sequence
  2. Go to ANALYZE > PRIMER DESIGN/TEST(PAIRS).
  3. For the left primer click USE THIS Primer
  4. Type or paste in your forward primer
  5. Repeat for the reverse primer
  6. Click TEST

To save a primer from QT Primer to the Primer Database.

  1. Open ANALYZE > QUICKTEST PRIMER (INDIVIDUAL)
  2. Design your primer
  3. Click ADD TO…
  4. Give the primer a name and add a comment. Click OK

To save a primer from Primer Design to the Primer Database.

  1. Open ANALYZE > PRIMER DESIGN/TEST (PAIRS)
  2. Design your primer pair
  3. In the spreadsheet right click on a primer
  4. Choose ADD PRIMER TO DATABASE
  5. Give the primer a name and add a comment. Click OK

To use the Primer Database Search:

  1. Open your sequence
  2. Select ANALYZE > PRIMER DATABASE SEARCH
  3. Choose parameters and click OK

Design a primer to match an existing primer from the primer database

The Primer database allows you to store your own collection of primers. You can design new primers to match regularly used ones.

  1. Open your template sequence
  2. Switch to the Map tab and select the region you want to amplify.
  3. Go to ANALYZE | PRIMER DESIGN/TEST(PAIRS).
  4. For the left primer click USE THIS Primer
  5. Use the drop down menu to enter the existing primer from the primer database
  6. Click OK
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Working from home: An overview of assembling sequence data with MacVector and Assembler

By Chris | Published: April 16, 2020

Working from home Here’s a series of blog posts on the wide range of functionality in MacVector that you may never have used before. This is an overview of the many different sequence assembly tools within MacVector. The MacVector team used these tools to mine existing sequencing archives to assemble a new Pangolin SARS-CoV–2 genome.

To assemble various types of sequencing reads, follow these steps.

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  • Choose File | New | Assembly Project to create a new empty project file.

Then follow one of the following:

To create a de novo assembly from Sanger reads

  • Click on the Add Reads tool bar button, then select the sequence files you wish to assemble and click on the Open button. Read(s) file(s) can also be drag and dropped on the open Assembly Project window.
  • Click Phred to basecall sequences in the project. Note that if no sequences are selected, phred will be run on ALL of the files in the project.
  • Click Phrap to assemble the reads.

To create a de novo assembly from NGS datasets

  • Click on the Add Reads tool bar button, then select the sequence files you wish to assemble and click on the Open button. File(s) can also be drag and dropped on the open Assembly Project window. Paired reads files are automatically detected.
  • Choose either SPAdes or Velvet to assemble the reads.

To create a de novo assembly from PacBio or Nanopore datasets

  • Click on the Add Reads button to add PacBio or Oxford Nanopore reads in fasta, fastq or gzipped (.gz) format. File(s) can also be drag and dropped on the open Assembly Project window.
  • Double-click on the Status column of the imported read file(s) and set the data type to “PacBio” or “Oxford Nanopore” as appropriate.
  • Choose Flye to assemble all of the sequences of the project.

To create a reference assembly

  • Click the Add Reads button, then select the sequence files you wish to assemble and click on the Open button.
  • Click Add Ref, select the sequence file(s) you wish to align the reads against and click on the Open button.
  • Click Bowtie to map all read files against all of the reference sequences in the project.

Not sure if you have Assembler? Choose MacVector | About MacVector. If the screen that appears says MacVector with Assembler, Pro Edition then you have it. If not, you can sign up for a fully functional 21 day trial version

Read More….

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Working From Home: accessing video tutorials of common workflows inside MacVector

By Chris | Published: April 9, 2020

During the Covid-19 pandemic we want to ensure that you have access to the MacVector license that you would use in the lab, if you are working from home. If you use MacVector, even an older version, and are having trouble activating it (or installing it) at home email MacVector Support and we will help. If you are in anyway connected with COVID19 research, then please have our thanks, and have an annual license free of charge. Here’s an overview of the HOW DO I menu that lists common workflows directly inside MacVector.

MacVector has a wide array of different tools for working with protein and DNA sequences. Nonetheless, since MacVector has always been designed with the Mac’s simplicity in mind, getting started with simple tasks is quick. However, making the most of the many functions and getting familiar with MacVector’s full range of tools does require more help. Nobody has time to read manuals nowadays and so with that in mind we set out to try to help users get up to speed quicker and help more advanced users know tools they may not be that familiar with.

MacVector 17 introduced a new menu which lists common workflows that a molecular biologist may need. Each topic has a short video and/or a short step by step guides. What’s more is every tool’s dialog now has a link to a video tutorial.

– If you need to know how to do something then try the HOW DO I menu.

– If you need to know more about a tool then click the help button.

(See how we’ve been making the most of the lockdown to use existing sequencing archives to assemble a new Pangolin SARS-CoV-2 genome.)

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Working from home – Getting your sequence into MacVector

By Chris | Published: April 2, 2020

During the Covid-19 pandemic we want to ensure that you have access to the MacVector license that you would use in the lab, if you are working from home. If you use MacVector, even an older version, and are having trouble activating it (or installing it) at home email MacVector Support and we will help. If you are in anyway connected with COVID19 research, then please have our thanks, and have an annual license free of charge.

We want to help familiarize you with the wide range of functionality in MacVector. You may have just been using MacVector to design PCR primers, but since you do not have a PCR machine on the kitchen table, then here’s what else MacVector can do for you. This week we’ll cover the basic steps of bringing sequences into MacVector.

Starting Point Dialog

StartingPointDialogue

When you start MacVector for the first time you will be presented with the Starting Point Dialog. This allows you to create a New MacVector file, to open a recently opened file or to Open an existing file

You can also create a Gibson Assembly project, an Agarose Gel, an Assembly Project or Align sequences to a reference.

Double clicking on a file or dragging it to the Dock

Usually this will just work. However, this is always reliant upon the operating system deciding which application to use to open a file. If you have multiple sequence analysis applications installed, or your file has no file extension you may find that the file opens in the wrong application. If you right click and choose OPEN WITH you can choose which application to use.

Using the FILE > OPEN menu

This is the traditional, always works, option. You do not have to worry about file extensions as well. MacVector will look inside the file and try to “automagically” use the most appropriate file format importer.

Entrez Browser

MacVector has an Entrez browser that lets you search the online Entrez GenBank database using keywords and retrieve matching sequences either directly to disk or to open directly in MacVector. You can access this via the Database | Online Keyword Search for Sequences (Entrez) menu item.

New From Clipboard

If you have copied any sequence data to the clipboard then you can directly open this using the New From Clipboard function. This also recognises Genbank formats if you have copied a file directly. For example many websites allow you to download a sequence by displaying a Genbank sequence. You can easily copy such sequences and directly paste into MacVector.

Import Features from a Genome Browser.

If you have a blank sequence and no existing curated sequences you can use Import Features from GFF/GFT and BED files to bring features in from one of many Genome Browsers that allow you to export date in a BED/GFT or GFF file. This function allows you to annotate an unannotated or partially annotated sequence with annotations (or features) contained within a BED/GFF/GTF/GFF3 file. Don’t forget the Auto Annotation. tool scanning your sequences against your own annotated ones either.

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Working From Home – common workflows

By Chris | Published: April 2, 2020

During the Covid-19 pandemic we want to ensure that you have access to the MacVector license that you would use in the lab, especially if you are working from home. If you use MacVector, even an older version, and are having trouble activating it (or installing it) at home email MacVector Support and we will help. If you are in anyway connected with COVID19 research, then please have our thanks, and have an annual license free of charge.

If you are working from home then here’s a series of blog posts to familiarize you with tools that you may never have used before. You may have just been using MacVector to design PCR primers, but since you do not have a PCR machine on the kitchen table, then here’s what else MacVector can do for you. This week we’ll cover the many common workflows that the molecular biologist may need.

Cloning constructs

Select two restriction sites and click DIGEST. Drag the digested fragment from the Cloning Clipboard to your vector and click LIGATE.

Gibson Assembly/Ligase Independent Cloning

FILE | NEW | GIBSON/LIGASE INDEPENDENT ASSEMBLY. Choose the type of project, add a cloning vector, then drag a gene from a sequence to clone.

Designing primers

Select a short region of sequence. Click ANALYZE | QUICKTEST PRIMER. Add a restriction site or mutation, slide the primer until the oligo is optimal.

Testing primers

Open your template sequence, Go to ANALYZE | PRIMER DESIGN/TEST(PAIRS). For the left primer click USE THIS Primer. Type or paste in your forward primer, Repeat for the reverse primer. Click TEST

Agarose Gel Simulation

Select FILE | NEW | AGAROSE GEL, Drag a restriction site from the Map tab of a sequence and drop on the Agarose Gel window

Comparing sequences

Select FILE | NEW | ALIGNMENT, Click ADD SEQS and then ALIGN.

List genetic differences between one organism and another related strain

Open two genomes and run ANALYZE | COMPARE GENOMES BY FEATURE..

Searching for your sequence.

Select DATABASE | ONLINE KEYWORD SEARCH (ENTREZ) , enter the accession number of your favorite gene and hit search. Double click the hit to open it directly in MacVector.

Annotating sequences

Right click (or CTRL+left Click) on any faded ORF or Feature on your sequence. Select CREATE FEATURE.

To align a small sequencing project against a reference.

Run FILE | NEW | ALIGN SEQUENCES TO A REFERENCE... Choose a reference sequence, then add your trace files from the sequencing facility and click ALIGN.

De novo assembly of sequencing reads

Run FILE | NEW | ASSEMBLY PROJECT, Choose a reference sequence, add your sequencing reads and also any reference sequences.

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Working From Home – Comparing sequences

By Chris | Published: April 2, 2020

During the Covid-19 pandemic we want to ensure that you have access to the MacVector license that you would use in the lab, especially if you are working from home. If you use MacVector, even an older version, and are having trouble activating it (or installing it) at home email MacVector Support and we will help. If you are in anyway connected with COVID19 research, then please have our thanks, and have an annual license free of charge.

For the next few weekly tips we want to help familiarize you with the wide range of functionality in MacVector. You may have just been using MacVector to design PCR primers, but since you do not have a PCR machine on the kitchen table, then here’s what else MacVector can do for you. This week we’ll cover different types of alignments and what you would use them for:

Multiple Sequence Alignments

The tool to which most people first turn to for aligning sequences is the Multiple Sequence Alignment tool. This allows you to align multiple DNA or protein sequences using either Muscle, Clustalw or T-Coffee. This functionality is most suited for protein alignments, or for nucleic acid sequences where you are interested in examining phylogenetic relationships. Remember that you can also align DNA sequences based on their protein translations.

  • FILE > NEW > PROTEIN ALIGNMENT
  • EDIT > ADD SEQUENCES FROM FILE..
  • Click on the Align toolbar button

Confirming a small sequencing project against a reference.

At some point all molecular biologists have to verify that a sub cloning procedure has worked or a new construct is correct. The Align to Reference tool is perfect for quickly verifying a set of sequencing reads against a reference

  • Go to ANALYZE > ALIGN TO REFERENCE
  • Add your reads and click ALIGN

Aligning cDNA/mRNA sequences against a genomic template.

Align to Reference can also be used to align cDNA clones against a genome sequence. The steps are similar – use the genomic sequence as the reference, then add one or more cDNA clones to the alignment.

  • Go to ANALYZE > ALIGN TO REFERENCE
  • Add your reads
  • Click ALIGN with the algorithm set to cDNA ALIGNMENT

Using a Dot Plot to quickly compare two sequences.

Dot Plot is great for identifying weak regions of similarity between two sequences. Dot Plots are also the best way of identifying sequence rearrangements

  • Open the two sequences to compare.
  • ANALYZE > CREATE DOT PLOT

Comparing two genomes.

Compare Genomes will compare two related annotated genomes (or smaller sequences) to identify and list, identical, similar and weakly similar features along with missing features.

  • Open the two sequences to compare.
  • ANALYZE > COMPARE GENOMES

Internet BLAST

Use this to identify and align a sequence to the databases at the NCBI using the BLAST algorithm. You can download any hits directly to your Desktop including all annotations.

  • Open your sequence
  • DATABASE > INTERNET BLAST SEARCH
  • Choose the database and click OK
  • To retrieve hits select the hits and click TO DESKTOP
  • To download and save hits, select hits and click TO DISK

Aligning a sequence against a folder of local sequences

Align to Folder allows you to scan a local folder full of sequences and align them using the FastA alignment algorithm. Its kind of like a local BLAST, but more sensitive.

  • Open your Sequence.
  • Run DATABASE > ALIGN TO FOLDER
  • Choose a folder of sequences and click ALIGN

Sequence Assembly

This requires our optional Assembler add-on. Use this if you want to align ten or more DNA sequences with the idea of assembling them into a longer sequence with a consensus (de novo) or for aligning reads against a reference (resequencing).

  • Go to FILE > NEW > ASSEMBLY PROJECT
  • Add your sequencing reads and also any reference sequences.

Primer Database

Primer Database.lets you automatically map your primer collection to any sequence you open. Primers can have tails and mismatches.

  • Go to ANALYZE > PRIMER DATABASE SEARCH

or

  • Go to MACVECTOR > PREFERENCES > SCAN DNA FOR.. PRIMER DATABASE
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